How do you connect a threaded water pipe?

A threaded pipe plug; note that the threaded portion is tapered and so touches the calipers at only two points.

A threaded pipe is a pipe with screw-threaded ends for assembly.

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Tapered threads

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The threaded pipes used in some plumbing installations for the delivery of gases or liquids under pressure have a tapered thread that is slightly conical (in contrast to the parallel sided cylindrical section commonly found on bolts and leadscrews). The seal provided by a threaded pipe joint depends upon multiple factors: the labyrinth seal created by the threads; a positive seal between the threads created by thread deformation when they are tightened to the proper torque; and sometimes on the presence of a sealing coating, such as thread seal tape or a liquid or paste pipe sealant such as pipe dope. Tapered thread joints typically do not include a gasket.

Especially precise threads are known as "dry fit" or "dry seal" and require no sealant for a gas-tight seal. Such threads are needed where the sealant would contaminate or react with the media inside the piping, e.g., oxygen service.

Tapered threaded fittings are sometimes used on plastic piping. Due to the wedging effect of the tapered thread, extreme care must be used to avoid overtightening the joint. The overstressed female fitting may split days, weeks, or even years after initial installation. Therefore many municipal plumbing codes restrict the use of threaded plastic pipe fittings.

Both British standard and National pipe thread standards specify a thread taper of 1:16; the change in diameter is one sixteenth the distance travelled along the thread. The nominal diameter is achieved some small distance (the "gauge length") from the end of the pipe.

Straight threads

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Pipes may also be threaded with cylindrical threaded sections, in which case the threads do not themselves provide any sealing function other than some labyrinth seal effect, which may not be enough to satisfy either functional or code requirements. Instead, an O-ring seated between the shoulder of the male pipe section and an interior surface on the female, provides the seal.

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In our previous article, we showed you how to remove a threaded pipe that was old, corroded, and needed replacement. It's the first in a two-part series.

Today, we get to the fun part ' installing a new threaded steel pipe. Let's get started.

Getting Started

If you choose to work with steel threaded pipe, one difficulty is ending the run at the right place. The 'run' is the path of the pipe (or the run of the pipe) you're working on.

Because the ends of a threaded pipe are fitted, you can't just cut a piece to fit, as with copper or plastic materials like PEX. You'll need to purchase long pieces of steel pipe that take up most of the runs (have a selection of nipples on hand too) or short lengths of pipe that are threaded on each end.

You will then have a number of options to choose from to end the run in the right spot.

Here's All You Need For Installing a Threaded Pipe

Here are the basic things you need to successfully install a steel, threaded pipe (that will replace the one you removed):

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1. Time

   In just an hour, you should be able to assemble about four pipe lengths with fittings.

2. Skills

   The ability to measure pipe lengths and use of a pipe wrench.

3. Tools

   Tape measure, two pipe wrenches.

Install the New, Threaded Steel Pipe in 3 Steps

1. Shut Off Your Water

As in our previous article about removing a threaded steel pipe, your first task is to shut off the main source of water before you do any work on a water pipe.

Find the shut-off valve in your home, turn it off, then go to the faucet in the lowest part of your home and open it so that any remaining water drains out. That's all there is to it.

As in part one of this series, always begin by shutting off the main water valve and draining any excess water from your pipes.

2. Assembling the Parts

The typical installation combines standard-length pipes with joints and nipples to end up exactly at the right location.

Many plumbing suppliers have ready-cut steel pipe in standard sizes (12', 48', and so on) for less cost. And it will save you lots of time in custom-cutting them yourself. In addition, if you measure and cut your own pipe but make a mistake, the supplier might not take back your pipe.

So you should see if this is an option before you begin measuring and cutting any pre-purchased steel pipe.

This diagram of threaded pipe-related parts help illustrate how the entire assembly works together.

3. Joining the Pipes

Before you thread a pipe and fitting together, seal the pipe threads using pipe joint compound or Teflon tape.

Assemble the pipes and fittings one at a time. Make sure to tighten each as you go. If your assembly requires a union (see part one of this series), work from each end toward the union. The union is installed last.

You should support any runs of threaded pipe at least every six feet.

This illustration shows both methods of making sure the threaded connections are snug and watertight. You can choose to use a pipe joint compound or Teflon tape.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are my old steel pipes the cause of my low water pressure?

It's quite possible. Poor water pressure in an old house is often due to galvanized steel pipes that are clogged with rust. If the problem is limited to one fixture, try replacing a few of the pipes leading up to it. If the problem is throughout your home, call a professional. You might have a larger, more widespread problem.

Is there another way to boost my water pressure if I have old steel pipes?

Other than hiring a professional to remove and replace your steel threaded pipes that are corroded, one option is hiring a company which specializes in a process that causes rust and corrosion to fall away from inside of the pipe. But the process can take months to work.

How tight should the threaded pipe be?

Hand tighten about 2-3 full turns, or until the pipe feels snug. We recommend using Teflon tape ' wrapped around the threads about 5 times ' to create a watertight seal. Always wrap the tape in the same direction as the threads. Watch this video for complete instructions on proper wrapping.

Final Thoughts

Homes built before the s, but especially those before World War II, used galvanized steel pipes (using threaded connections) to transport water throughout the plumbing system.

Unfortunately, those old-house threaded pipes are feeling their age. And if you haven't already, you'll soon feel their pain. Over time, these pipes rust and corrode from the inside, sending those contaminants into your water supply. And that corrosion will also lead eventually to leaking or burst pipes, which can cause tremendous amounts of expensive water damage.

If you see any signs of rust, corrosion, or leaks (it can simply be wet), a change in pipe material is in order. Our previous article on this subject will tell you how to find any steel pipes in your home (it's easy if you know what to look for).

We hope you've enjoyed this two-part series on how to remove an old threaded steel pipe and how to install a brand new threaded steel pipe.

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