What is the 40 80 rule for lithium-ion batteries?

iPhone 15 has a charging trick many users might not be aware of: it can automatically stop charging when the battery level hits 80%. This makes it much easier to follow the &#;40-80 rule,&#; which helps increase the long-term useful life of the battery.

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Here&#;s more on how it works, whether you should follow the rule, and how to flip on the setting on your iPhone.

The &#;40-80 rule&#; for iPhone battery charging

The lithium-ion battery in your iPhone packs a lot of power into a small space. As Apple puts it, &#;lithium-ion batteries weigh less, last longer and charge more efficiently.&#; It&#;s cutting-edge tech &#; they&#;re even used in most satellites. But there are limitations, of course. Nothing is perfect.

Most notably, they gradually wear out. Without going into the chemistry (you can if you want), the battery&#;s anode and cathode become less efficient over multiple charge/discharge cycles. And it turns out that fully charging and fully discharging a battery lithium-ion battery increases the rate at which it wears out.

Hence the &#;40-80 rule.&#; Keeping this type of battery charged between 40% and 80% gives the maximum long-term lifespan. And this isn&#;t only iPhone &#; the rule applies to Android, laptops, tablets, satellites, whatever.

Is it right for you?

Now that you know about the 40-80 rule, you have to decide if following it makes any sense for you and your iPhone.

Ignoring it won&#;t have any noticeable effect over the short term. I charge my iPhone 15 Plus to 100% almost every day, and drain it to under 30% regularly. The handset has already been through 82 cycles out of a potential total of about 300-500 since I bought it in 3.5 months ago, but the battery health remains at 100%.

That said, I&#;m not concerned about the long-term consequences on the device. I&#;m in the iPhone Upgrade Program and switch to a new model every year.

Those who intend to keep their iPhone for three or more years might be more interested in doing what they can to preserve its long-term battery health by following the 40-80 rule.

Just be aware this is going to be a hassle if you&#;re a heavy user. You&#;re giving up 60% of your potential daily battery capacity, and you&#;ll start every morning with an 80% charge.

Still, someone who frequently ends their day with the battery level over 50% and who intends to keep their iPhone for three years or more can benefit. If this is you, read on to learn how to flip on Apple&#;s 80% maximum battery setting.

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How to limit iPhone charging to 80%

To make following the 40-80 rule easier, iOS can automatically cut off charging at 80%.

But this feature is currently available only to the iPhone 15 series. If you have an earlier model, the best you can do is keep your eye on the battery level when charging.

iPhone 15 users, making the change isn&#;t complex but it&#;s so buried you&#;re not likely to run across it accidentally. Go to Settings -> Battery -> Battery Health & Charging -> Charging Optimization. Change the setting to 80% Limit.

You&#;ll get a warning about flipping off Optimized Battery Charging as Apple thinks that is the best option. And it is for most people. If you&#;re not most people, iPhone 15 has you covered.

Optimize Mac Charging

Your iPhone isn&#;t the only battery-powered Apple device that benefits from good battery management. MacBooks have built-in battery-preserving features that are supposed to optimize charging behind the scenes, but they are fairly limited. macOS learns your charging routines, and works best if you maintain that routine from day to day. But of course, that&#;s not always the case.

For better battery management on a MacBook, there are third-party apps that offer a lot more battery-preserving features, like Energiza Pro from Appgineers, or AlDente by AppHouseKitchen. Both of these apps offer advanced battery-management features like charge limiting, battery temperature protection, sweet-spot charging and more.

Both apps offer free 30-day trail versions, and cost about $10 for an annual subscription or $20 for a lifetime license.

Introduction

Lithium-ion batteries have become the go-to power source for a wide range of devices, from smartphones to electric vehicles. To maximize their performance and lifespan, it's important to follow certain guidelines. One such rule is the 40-80 rule, which outlines optimal charging and discharging levels for lithium-ion batteries. In this article, we will delve into the 40-80 rule, its significance, and how it can help you maintain the health and longevity of your lithium-ion batteries.

What is the 40-80 Rule?

The 40-80 rule suggests that lithium-ion batteries should be kept within a specific state of charge (SOC) range for optimal performance and lifespan. According to this rule, it is best to charge the battery when it reaches around 40% SOC and stop charging when it reaches around 80% SOC. Similarly, it is recommended to avoid discharging the battery below 40% SOC and not to let it go above 80% SOC during usage.

Cycle Life as a Function of Depth of Discharge

Depth of Discharge NMC (Cycle Life) LiPO4 (Cycle Life) 100% DoD ~300 ~600 80% DoD ~400 ~900 60% DoD ~600 ~1,500 40% DoD ~1,000 ~3,000 20% DoD ~2,000 ~9,000 10% DoD ~6,000 ~15,000

Benefits of the 40-80 Rule

1. Extended Lifespan: Operating within the 40-80% SOC range reduces stress on the battery, minimizing degradation and prolonging its overall lifespan. This range helps avoid the extreme ends of the charge cycle, which can cause accelerated wear and tear on the battery.
2. Improved Safety: Staying within the 40-80% SOC range also contributes to battery safety. Extreme charge levels, such as overcharging (above 80% SOC) or deep discharging (below 40% SOC), can lead to increased heat generation, potentially resulting in thermal runaway or other safety hazards.
3. Consistent Performance: Lithium-ion batteries tend to deliver better and more consistent performance when operated within the 40-80% SOC range. By avoiding the upper and lower limits, you can ensure a more stable and reliable power output from your battery, particularly during demanding tasks or high-power applications.

Exceptions and Adjustments

While the 40-80 rule is a general guideline for lithium-ion batteries, it may not apply universally to all situations. Some devices, such as smartphones and laptops, have advanced battery management systems that automatically optimize charging and discharging processes. These systems may deviate from the 40-80% SOC range to cater to specific device requirements and user preferences.

Additionally, if you anticipate extended periods without access to charging, it may be advisable to charge your battery beyond 80% SOC to ensure sufficient power availability. However, it is still crucial to avoid constant full charges or discharges in everyday use to maintain optimal battery health.

Tips for Implementing the 40-80 Rule

1. Monitor and Adjust Charging: Keep an eye on your battery's charge level and unplug the charger once it reaches around 80% SOC. Avoid leaving the battery connected to the charger for unnecessarily long periods after it has completed charging.
2. Avoid Deep Discharges: Try not to let your battery level drop below 40% SOC during regular usage. Aim for shallow discharge cycles, and recharge the battery before it reaches the lower threshold.
3. Manage Charging Habits: Although it may not always be practical, consider charging your device more frequently throughout the day, rather than waiting for it to reach critically low levels. This approach allows you to keep the battery within the 40-80% SOC range for extended periods.

Conclusion

The 40-80 rule provides valuable guidance for maximizing the performance and lifespan of lithium-ion batteries. By adhering to this rule, you can reduce stress on the battery, improve safety, and enjoy consistent power output. While exceptions and adjustments may exist for specific devices or circumstances, implementing the 40-80 rule as a general practice will contribute to the long-term health and efficiency of your lithium-ion batteries.

Remember to consult the manufacturer's guidelines and recommendations for your specific device, as they may provide additional insights or specific instructions to optimize battery performance and longevity.

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