Bus Aircon: Parts, How It Works

What are bus aircon parts?

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A complete bus air conditioning system consists of several components. The bus aircon parts include a compressor, electromagnetic clutch, condenser, liquid reservoir, filter dryer, solenoid valve, expansion valve, evaporator, and fan.

I will elaborate on each part individually. The combination of their functions represents the working principle of bus aircon.

bus air conditioning system diagram

Parts details - How does a bus aircon system work?

&#; Bus Air Conditioning Compressor

Function: It inhales refrigerant in gaseous form and compresses it. This compression process raises the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant, converting it into a high-pressure and high-temperature gas.

Bock traditional compressor

SANYO electric compressor

&#; Bus Air Conditioning Condenser

Function: It exchanges heat between the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant discharged from the compressor and the surrounding environment (usually air or water), releasing heat. After this process, the refrigerant cools down and condenses into a liquid state.

Bus AirCon Condenser

&#; Bus AC Filter Drier

Function: This component eliminates moisture and impurities from the refrigerant, effectively preventing damage to various components while extending their lifespan.

Bus Aircon Filter Drier

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What are the different types of bus air conditioning?

Bus air conditioning mainly falls into two categories: electric bus aircon and traditional fuel bus aircon. They are suitable for different air-conditioned buses due to their differing power sources.

Electric bus aircon can only be installed on pure electric buses and requires very high voltage to operate, typically between 280v-750v. This voltage level is only achievable through the power batteries of pure electric buses. However, such air-conditioned buses are quite environmentally friendly and energy-efficient, as they operate relatively quietly, which enhances the riding experience for passengers. New air-conditioned buses, such as those from TATA Motors, predominantly utilize this technology. To explore project cooperation stories, click here.

Traditional fuel bus air conditioners are fitted in diesel buses and have a broader application range. There’s no need to consider the voltage range; instead, one simply chooses the appropriate cooling capacity based on the bus length. The bus's engine drives the aircon compressor via a belt. When the air conditioning needs to be activated, the bus's engine powers the air conditioning as well. This type of air conditioning also provides excellent cooling capacity and ride comfort.

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China Bus Air Conditioner Manufacturers

Our brand, TKT HVAC, is recognized as a leading bus air conditioner manufacturer in China. We have established ourselves as one of the top three suppliers in the electric bus sector, partnering with notable international companies like TATA Motors, Olectra, Switch Mobility, and Marcopolo.

TKT HVAC

Electric buses. A definitive guide for commercial fleets.

• Learn about electric buses and how they work
• Electric bus charging is a critical element of the sustainable public transit solution
• Examining advantages and disadvantages can help maximize electric bus operations

Global concerns over urban air quality and carbon emissions are prompting public transit agencies to reassess energy sources. Municipalities are also exploring electric buses for potential operational cost savings.

An electric bus is a passenger transit vehicle powered by an electric motor, which stores the electricity necessary to power the vehicle in a battery. Consequently, an electric bus is also referred to as a battery-electric bus (BEB), with the electric motor serving both as the engine and transmission.

The prevalence of the electric bus is noteworthy, especially in China, where 17% of the total bus fleet was comprised of BEBs. In contrast, the U.S. had only 300 electric buses, and Europe had around 2,250.

How do electric buses work?

A signal is dispatched to the powertrain system controller when initiating the bus. This signal energizes the high-voltage battery, converting it into electrical energy to power the electric motor and thermal management system.

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The battery functions comparably to a fuel tank in an electric bus: its size relates directly to how far the bus can travel without recharging. The bus's usage also influences battery charge, referred to as its duty cycle. One can think of a duty cycle like this:

• A light-duty cycle mimics a leisurely stroll along a flat, paved path.
• A medium-duty cycle resembles navigating a hilly trail while pushing a stroller and walking a dog.
• A heavy-duty cycle equates to running up a steep incline with a double stroller and managing two kindergarteners—not an easy feat!

A light-duty cycle consumes considerably less energy than a heavy-duty cycle.

Driving speed, weight transported, and road conditions are among the factors affecting the duty cycle of electric buses. Other variables include weather conditions, frequency of stops and starts, elevation changes, acceleration rates, and more.

How fast can an electrical bus go?

Electric buses primarily operate in urban settings, where they don't require highway speeds, achieving speeds of 40 to 45 mph while typically averaging lower. Higher speeds correspond with shorter range efficiency.

How long does charging an electric bus take?

The full charging time for an electric bus depends on the type of charger used.

There are two main charger categories: plug-in chargers and pantograph chargers. A plug-in charger can fully recharge an electric bus within two to eight hours. This charger can be either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC); AC chargers are slower yet more cost-effective, while DC chargers may charge batteries at rates up to 150 KW.

A pantograph charger is more robust, enabling the bus to charge quickly. The buses drive beneath its robotic arm, which connects to the vehicle's top electrical conductors for rapid charging. Such stations are conveniently positioned along the bus’s route, allowing for charging without returning to the yard.

Pantograph chargers supply even more power, capable of charging at rates up to 350 KW using DC.

How much does an electric bus charging station cost?

The cost of electric bus charging stations depends on the charging used. Higher costs are associated with DC chargers due to their higher, volatile voltage. According to estimates, plug-in chargers range from $2,000 to $5,000 for equipment, with installation costing from $1,000 to over $10,000, depending on complexity. Comparatively, DC fast chargers are pricier, ranging from $10,000 to $15,000 for simpler models to more than $40,000 for larger, powerful stations. A three-phase power supply is necessary for installation, leading to costs varying from $4,000 to over $50,000 for larger, intricate projects.

It's essential to note that one charger can cater to six to eight buses per hour based on route scheduling.

Advantages of Electric Buses

The numerous advantages of electric buses contribute to their increasing popularity. Let's examine a few key benefits in greater detail.

Environmental Benefits

Electric vehicles demonstrate higher energy efficiency and emit zero carbon, positively impacting public health and mitigating global warming risks.

Lower Operation and Maintenance Costs

Electric buses require no gas, their battery serves as fuel. The absence of internal combustion engines and diesel fuel results in lower maintenance expenses; electric buses typically last around 12 years, according to manufacturer Gregory Poole.

Smoother, Quieter Ride

Passengers commuting do not need to endure the noise of traditional diesel engines; instead, they benefit from a quieter, smoother ride around town.

Regenerative Braking

When electric bus drivers apply brakes, they recharge the battery. This design captures kinetic energy and transfers it back into the battery, enhancing overall efficiency while reducing brake wear.

No Overhead Wires

Unlike electric trolleys powered by overhead wires, electric buses depend on stored battery electricity.

Nonetheless, electric buses come with certain disadvantages that require addressing as technology advances.

Disadvantages of Electric Buses

While we have discussed the benefits of electric buses, there are disadvantages worthy of consideration. These issues are likely to be improved as technology progresses.

Higher Purchase Price

The emerging technology and limited electric bus manufacturers result in elevated prices, which also necessitate factoring in the charger costs.

Charging Time

While filling up a diesel fuel tank can be quick, charging an electric bus may take several hours. A fast charge might restore an hour's worth of usage in about 10 minutes, although this may lead to diminished operational range.

Limited Range

Electric buses have defined operational ranges before requiring recharging. Mass Transit identifies an Extended Range Battery-Electric Bus as one capable of over 80 miles between charges.

In contrast to diesel buses, access to electric charging stations can prove less convenient.

Weather/Road Conditions Can Impact Buses

Extreme weather conditions or hilly terrains can challenge electricity-powered buses. Reports indicate that the Minnesota Valley Transportation Authority (MVTA) struggled to maintain a full day’s charge during cold winters.

Electric Buses vs. Diesel Buses

The comparison between electric and diesel buses centers around cost. While the upfront cost of the electric bus is higher, various manufacturer incentive programs may offset this. Over time, one can expect savings in fuel costs and maintenance expenses. Diesel buses, on the other hand, do not face obstacles related to range and weather conditions.

Top Electric Bus Companies

According to Verified Market Research, the global electric bus market is projected for positive growth in the near future. Valued at USD 102.71 thousand in 2021, VMR estimates it will reach USD 686.31 thousand by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 26.8% from 2021 to 2030.

VMR identifies the following electric bus manufacturers as key players in the market:

• Volvo Group
• BYD
• VDP Group
• Proterra

How Motive Can Help Maximize Your Electric Bus Operation

Electric buses present an opportunity for cost savings while contributing to a cleaner environment. Fleet management software is instrumental in optimizing electric bus operations.

Sustainability remains a leading reason to adopt electric buses. Motive promotes sustainable logistics through features that:

Motive’s fleet management solution also enhances fleet safety by identifying accident risk factors including:

• Road conditions.
• Vehicle conditions.
• Driver inattention.
• Driver fatigue.

Motive delivers complete visibility into your fleet’s management. Join over 120,000 businesses that trust Motive to enhance sustainability, safety, and profitability. Request a demo today.

Contact us to discuss your requirements of electric bus ac manufacturer. Our experienced sales team can assist you in identifying options that best meet your needs.