How to Test and Solve Fabric Shrinkage?

We all are aware of the feeling of disappointment when we buy an expensive branded dress, and after the first wash, it loses its size. It always turns you off, especially if you get your clothes stitched yourself. The brand should not be held accountable for that because it happens due to a phenomenon known as dimensional stability in fabrics. It is a problem that almost every small to large-scale textile industry faces with its production. One can not prevent it; instead, we can fix this issue as much as possible and gain customer satisfaction. 

You can find more information on our web, so please take a look.

Before digging into the solutions, first, have an insight into what goes behind the fabric shrinkage. 

What is Fabric Shrinking?

An increase or decrease in the dimensions of fabric is called fabric shrinkage. When a fabric is being made in the industry, it goes through a series of processes. These processes include the lengthwise and widthwise stretching of the cloth which results in the build-up of stress in the material. When it comes in contact with moisture, it shrinks because water acts as a relaxing medium for the threads that make up a fabric. The relaxation process affects the material and changes its dimensions. As a result, the cloth either decreases in size or increases a bit. 

What causes Fabric Shrinkage?

There are plenty of causes that result in the shrinkage of fabrics. Let&#;s give you a tour of what happens in the textile industry for a more precise idea. Cotton, which is the raw material of textile factories, is a cloud-like mushy ball. You must have thought that how does it transform into colored, plain, or printed stuff? So basically, It goes through a series of processes. Different machines are responsible for this metaphysical conversion of raw material into smooth, soft yet vivid products. The method includes the conversion of fiber into yarn, and then a cloth is made out of that yarn. The threads are put together chemically through hydrogen and ionic bonds. This cycle of mechanical functions that include spinning, knitting, dyeing, and finishing causes a build-up of stress and strain in the material.

After going through the manufacturing process, the fabric is exposed to the water, also known as the relaxing medium. It is supposed to be soaked for about 6 to 8 hours roughly for adequate shrinkage. The immersion results in the garment&#;s relaxation shrinkage. It occurs due to the release of the strain from the threads. It leads to the dimensional reduction of the fabric. The shrinkage is further defined into different types, which are so extensive to be explained here; that is another article&#;s topic.

Material Matters 

Relaxation shrinkage occurs in the products made from literally ANY textile fiber. Every material has a different tendency to lose its size upon exposure to the relaxing medium. A decrease in size often occurs but an increase in size is quite rare in the fabrics. Moreover, every process of manufacture plays its role and affects the rate of overall shrinkage. Generally, it depends on the thickness of the cloth and the fittings of the weaves. The rate of shrinkage depends from fabric to fabric. The piece of woven fabric shrinks less than a piece of knitted fabric. Similarly, a piece of linen fabric shrinks more than a piece of cotton fabric. 

Fabric Attribute

A lot of attributes play their part in the shrinking of fabrics. For example;

· Moisture content absorption

The inclination of a piece of cloth to absorb moisture can impact its ability to shrink. A fabric, no matter how condensed its weaves are it still has tiny holes in it. These holes can be seen in sunlight. Any material with holes absorbs water quickly and easily, as in sponges. This property of clothes makes them highly absorbent of liquids, and thus the rate of shrinkage is much likely in them. Cotton has the highest absorbance rate that is why it shrinks the most.

· Tension in Fabric

It is common for a knitted fabric to increase in size as soon as a little amount of force is applied in the factory. A 100 percent interlocked fabric might change about 10% after each mill processing step. The more stretch is provided and tension accumulates between the weaves, the more it will relax and reduce in size. 

· Density of Fabrics

A density of cloth is described as the yarn layers put together to make a thick cloth. A thick fabric soaks slowly and becomes more decadent because of the dense structure of interwoven threads. The density is measured in inches, and it affects the shrinkage process. Cambric is a typical example of the thickest fabric. A dense piece of cloth shrinks 5 percent in total. It shrinks every time while washing and drying if it is not adequately pre-shrunk while manufacturing.

· The Thickness of the Yarn

There are different kinds of yarns. Every yarn is made with a purpose. For instance, a sports yarn is made for making gym clothes and sports merch. Similarly, lace yarn is made for making delicate pieces for adorning your apparel. The thicker a string is, the thicker and stronger its weaves would be. It is hard to break them or tear a product made out of them. Deswelling of yarn occurs when a cloth is immersed in the water and shrinks.

· Fiber Structure

Yarn is made up of hundreds of tiny fibers put together. Like all the other physical factors, these fibrous strands and their intertwining are also responsible for the overall percent of shrinkage in a fabric. The way these fibers are oriented in yarn will affect certain fabric elements, most important of which is the rate of shrinkage. Yarns with high twists will generate higher shrinkage values, whereas those with lower twist levels will not.

Washing Temperature 

The washing temperature of the water plays a vital role in the cloth&#;s life. That is why a lot of ready-made clothes come out with a guide to wash. Hot or warm water significantly impacts the shrinkage process and makes it faster. Once you have washed your clothes in warm water, they will shrink as much as possible and will never shrink in the second or third wash after that. Technically it is excellent to preshrink your fabric before sending it to the tailors, but if you are doing it after it is stitched, then I am sorry in advance for its consequences. Hot water is incredible for removing dirt and germs, but it is an offender for size. The garments&#; washing temperature should remain moderate to protect the clothes from worn-ing out and losing their color.

Finishing process of the fabric

Finishing refers to the process that makes the knitted or woven fabric wearable by giving it a polished look. This is as the name shows the last stage of the process. It includes the washing, drying, and pressing of the fabric to make it more presentable. It is done to earn the first impression. Industries now sell pre-shrunk materials, and that is also done during the finishing process. Extended exposure to warm water at a temperature of about 110°F to 90°F can shrink the fabric considerably.

The finishing process is very crucial for the textile industries in gaining the confidence of their clients. It helps them make their reputation among the big fat garment retailers to become their regular customers.

Shrinkage rates of different textures

Every material feels different on the skin. In winters, the clothes make us warm and cozy, and in summers, they feel light and breezy on the body. A piece of fabric is made different from the others by how tiny fibers are entwined, the yarn is interwoven, and the way they are put loosely or closely together to make the derivative fabric. These little differences entirely transform the texture of the cloth. It leads to every material having different physical and chemical properties, including their rate of shrinkage. A comparison of a few standard fabrics and their percentage of shrinkage is given below.

Different types of Fabrics (natural/synthetic)Average Shrinkage RatesCotton fabric4 to 10 percentLinen fabric2 to 7 percent Polyester fabricZero percent Rayon fabric5 to 10 percentChiffon fabric 2 to 3 percentSilk fabric10 to 15 percentTwill fabric4.0 to 4.9 percentPoplin fabric3.3 to 4.5 percent

Natural fibers versus Synthetic fibers

Natural fibers shrink way more than their human-made equivalents, known as synthetic fibers. Natural fibers have an amorphous structure that gives space for the water to seep in and trigger the shrinking tendency. Synthetic or artificial fibers have a crystalline and thermoplastic nature with a zero to no chance of orifices for the water to flow into and increase the shrinking tendency. Ryon, nylon, acrylic, polyester, and spandex are examples of fabrics made out of synthetic fibers. Cotton, sheep wool, cashmere, silk, and linen are examples of natural fibers&#; materials.

How to do Shrinkage Testing

You can do testing of shrinkage rate with the help of some formulas. An average percentage inferred after the calculation tells us about the dimensional gain or loss. There are several ways to test the rate of shrinkage in a specific fabric. A few of them are given below.

Test by personal means

It should be tumble washed in a washing machine at a gentle speed with hot water for checking a fabric shrinkage. The temperature of the water should be above ninety-degree Fahrenheit. Washing for about two intervals and then tumble drying the fabric in the dryer for 5 minutes assists the process of shrinking. It makes it easier and faster. Within 35 to 40 minutes, you can test the overall tendency of a texture to shrink. It is the common and the most reliable way of shrinking clothes in most parts of the world. 

The dimensions of the cloth should be appropriately measured before washing and drying it. After doing the entire process, you should retake the measurements. A subtraction between the two roughly gives you the rate of shrinkage. It would be best if you took an average percentage out of the result for convenience. The shrinking can occur either horizontally, vertically, or both. Moreover, it can either increase or expand in size, known as plus shrinkage, or instead go through a decrease or contraction in size, known as minus shrinkage. If the result shows a little to no loss/gain of size, it means that the fabric is excellent and ready to be sold to garment retailers.

Test by the third party 

Another way to test the fabric shrinkage is done by large-scale companies made to serve the purpose of screening fabrics by attempting several tests on them for their daily use. If a textile industry achieves the positive test report of such companies, its reputation shoots sky-high. The garment retailers can purchase their products without any suspicion of damage under particular conditions. 

Companies like SGS S.A., Bureau Veritas, and Fiti testing and research institute are some famous names. A fabric sample is sent to such companies for examination. They run different tests on them, including various types of laundry/dry cleaning shrinkage tests. If and only if a particular piece of cloth passes all the given tests, then can it be given the status of &#;PASS,&#; which is the ultimate goal of all the textile industries. Attire brands prefer purchasing fabrics from the industries certified by such companies. 

A standard testing report should be like this:

How to control Fabric Shrinkage

Shrinkage control is the factor that is prioritized by the textile industries. Their entire game depends upon it. The shrinkage rate acts like a &#;ride or die&#; for the brand&#;s future. Some characteristics of the clothing material that cause shrinkage are;

• Construction of the material

The rigid textures that are constructed with tight weaves reduce likely shrinkage.

• Twisting of yarn

The optimum twisting of yarn can help prevent excessive shrinkage.

• Type of weaves

 A few types of weaves and knits show more resistance to shrinkage than the others.

• Tension build-up 

While stitching a garment, if it is stretched way too much for the fabric to endure, it leads to differential shrinkage.

• Stability of fiber 

Inappropriate stabilization of the fabric results in excessive shrinkage.

If these factors are not overlooked during fabric making, you can prevent 90 percent of shrinkage. There are plenty of ways to control fabric shrinkage; Some of the standard practices followed by the garment manufacturers are;

Manufacturer&#;s Way

It is an industrial process. The manufacturer&#;s way of controlling shrinkage is simple, and it goes with the flow. The workers in a particular textile industry make sure that the machine is working on correct parameters. The quality of the yarn is fine, and the conversion process is working smoothly. Usually, no force is applied to the clothes unless the machines are not entirely fit. The continuous examination for all the steps&#; smooth functioning can ensure less than 5 percent of shrinkage in the product. So basically, step by step shrinkage reduction is the key. The lesser the shrinkage ratio is, after manufacturing the resultant texture, it is considered better and stable. 

Mercerization

Mercerization is a procedure named after John Mercer, who introduced the textile industry with this chemical treatment. It is for cellulose fabric, cotton, and flax yarn. It can reduce fabric shrinkage. It is a standard procedure that is run on cotton fabric mainly. In this process, the fabric is exposed to caustic sodium hydroxide (NaOH), an alkaline solution. This treatment is carried out for a prolonged period. NaOH imparts a lot of positive changes in the clothes, including the reduction of shrinkage.

It has plenty of benefits ;

• Increases silky look
• Improves moisture absorption
• Increases the absorbance of dues
• Improves the clothe&#;s strength
• It makes the clothes smooth. Etc.

It is quiet on the pricier side as it takes a bit of cost in the production phase. That is why mercerized fabrics are costlier than regular un-mercerized natural or synthetic fabric. It was not in use until the 19th century. It has played a crucial role over the years in reducing the significant problems of fabric chemists.

A research article by several scholars explored the topic deeper about mercerization.

Preshrink Technique

Preshrinking is the favorite process of manufacturers to control fabric shrinkage. It is like a ritual that one should not miss. Every textile industrialist does it religiously. It is the most coming and easiest method of preventing shrinkage or more like reducing it. When a fabric is done with all the process and is ready to shine in the market, it is immersed in water by the workers. So that it can shrink as much as it can and save them from the embarrassment of shrinking after sewing. The purpose of pre-shrinking is to assure that the clothes dimension adjusts to what they are manufactured with. In this way, the industry succeeds in providing the best services to the customers.

Thermoplasticity

Thermoplasticity is another process aiming at the control of shrinkage. As the name shows, heat is involved in this process. It is the process designated for reducing shrinkage in synthetic fiber and resins like polystyrene and others. The process works by exposing the fabric to heat. Upon heating, it gets softened to the state of melting. Then it is cooled down. The cooling method makes the material hard again. It occurs in series&#;the loop of this process aids in lessening the rate of net decrease or increase in dimensions. The induction of thermal stress causes the plastic nature of the fabric to shrink as much as possible. 

A research article named thermoplastic polyurethane technologies for the textile industry by Larry Johnson and Julie Samms could be a great reference.

Life Hacks

This is what goes behind in the industries to make the fabrics as user-friendly as they can. When purchasing a garment, you should check the labels where every detail is mentioned regarding washing techniques and other information. If you look for these few things before paying the bill for your favorite garment piece, you can save yourself from troubles. Make sure that you have seen the &#;pre-shrunk written on the label. Follow the washing and drying instructions. 

Washing Instructions

• Washing in cold water can save you from the misery of dimensional loss or gain. The garments will fit you well before, but after a first wash, it becomes too tight to wear, and you end up blaming yourself for having cheat meals twice a week, but in actuality, your diet is not the problem.
• Hand wash the cotton, linen, and silk garments that can lose their spark if handled brutally in the washing machine with many other clothes like jeans and sweaters.
• Wash the clothes gently in the washing machine and not with the intense washing mode.
• Do not wash fabrics made out of animal-based fiber and get them dry cleaned instead.

Drying Instructions

• Some clothes can withstand the tumble dryers, but some can not, and their tiny fibers get ruptured, which looks awful. Similarly, you can airdry some clothes in the sun, but others can not, and their color fades away. To prevent such circumstances, go through the attached labels.
• Avoid drying multiple times and dry on the lowest heat.

These tips and tricks can prove to help prevent fabric shrinkage.

Conclusion

Earlier in the days, shrinkage was a rising problem that bothered every person, from producers to retailer owners and their clients. Over time, the division of so many chemical and physical processes has made it easier for the manufacturers to prevent shrinkage rate in the fabrics. For controlling shrinkage, it is necessary to understand its importance. It is like a nightmare for the textile industry. A partnership and a sense of understanding between the industry and the attire firm owners need achievement in the commercial centers. Mutual planning and compassion can lead to prosperity. To meet the product particulars, including the yarn, machine set-up, and coloring should be rightly picked. Simple facts and inappropriate decisions of construction parameters are an assurance for disappointment in the fight to control shrinkage of textures.

Fabric shrinkage is a natural phenomenon. It occurs due to various factors such as fiber type, fabric construction, and finishing processes. It can significantly impact the fit, appearance, and longevity of garments.

To assess the potential shrinkage of a fabric, fabric shrinkage tests are performed. These tests help manufacturers, designers, and consumers understand how much a piece of fabric or garment will shrink under specific conditions.

Understanding fabric shrinkage and conducting shrinkage tests are crucial steps in ensuring the quality and durability of fabrics. In this article, we will provide you with a complete guide to fabric shrinkage tests, including the importance of these tests, the testing process, and how to interpret the results.

What is the Fabric Shrinkage Test? &#; Definition

The amount of shrinkage depends on the fabric&#;s fiber content, weave, finishing, and the conditions to which it is exposed. The process to measure the change in dimension of fabric is called the Fabric Shrinkage Test. Moreover, this test also covers the change in the quality of the fabric.

Fabric shrinkage is the reduction in the size or dimensions of a fabric or garment after being exposed to heat or undergoing washing. Shrinkage can occur in both lengthwise (warp) and widthwise (weft) directions.

Reasons for fabric shrinkage

Reasons for fabric shrinkage

Fabric shrinkage can occur due to several reasons. Understanding these factors is essential to minimize shrinkage and maintain the quality of fabrics. Here are some common reasons for fabric shrinkage:

Fiber Type

Different fiber types have varying tendencies to shrink. Natural fibers like cotton and wool have a higher propensity to shrink compared to synthetic fibers such as polyester or nylon.

Fabric Construction

The construction of the fabric, including its weave or knit structure, can affect shrinkage. Fabrics with looser weaves or knits tend to have a higher chance of shrinkage than tightly woven or knitted fabrics.

Finishing Processes

Chemical treatments and finishes applied to fabrics during manufacturing can affect shrinkage. Some finishes, such as pre-shrinking treatments, are designed to minimize further shrinkage after washing. However, if these finishes are not applied or if the fabric is not properly treated, it may be more prone to shrinkage.

Heat and Moisture

Exposure to heat and moisture can trigger fabric shrinkage. Washing fabrics in hot water or drying them at high temperatures can cause the fibers to contract and lead to shrinkage. Similarly, excessive moisture or humidity can contribute to shrinkage too, especially in natural fibers.

Mechanical Agitation

Aggressive mechanical processes during washing or drying, such as high-speed spinning or tumble drying, can cause fabrics to shrink. The repeated friction and movement of the fabric can lead to dimensional changes.

Improper Care

Failure to follow proper care instructions can increase the risk of fabric shrinkage. Ignoring recommended washing temperatures, using harsh detergents, or subjecting delicate fabrics to rough handling can result in shrinkage.

Fabric Blends

Fabrics made from blends of different fibers may exhibit uneven shrinkage. If the fibers in the blend have different shrinkage properties, the fabric may experience distortion or uneven contraction during laundering.

Shrinkage rates of different fabrics

Different fabrics have varying rates of shrinkage due to their unique fiber compositions. Here are some general guidelines on the shrinkage rates of common fabric types:

Cotton

Cotton fabrics are known for their tendency to shrink. On average, cotton can shrink between 3% to 5% during the first wash and subsequent laundering. However, certain cotton fabrics, such as those labeled as &#;pre-shrunk&#; or subjected to pre-shrinking treatments during manufacturing, may have reduced shrinkage rates.

Wool

Wool is another natural fiber prone to shrinkage. It can shrink significantly, from 10% to 20%, especially if exposed to high temperatures or agitation during washing. To prevent excessive shrinkage, wool garments should be handled with care and washed using gentle methods.

Linen

Linen fabric is derived from flax fibers and has moderate shrinkage rates. On average, linen can shrink around 2% to 5% during the first wash. Subsequent laundering may cause minimal additional shrinkage.

Silk

Silk fabrics generally have low shrinkage rates compared to other natural fibers. They tend to shrink around 1% to 3% during washing. However, some silk blends or specialized silk weaves may exhibit slightly higher shrinkage rates.

Polyester

Polyester is a synthetic fiber known for its resistance to shrinkage. It has minimal shrinkage rates, usually less than 1%. This quality makes polyester fabrics popular for items where shape retention is essential, such as activewear and outdoor clothing.

Nylon

Nylon is another synthetic fiber with excellent dimensional stability. Like polyester, nylon fabrics have minimal shrinkage rates, typically less than 1%. They retain their shape well even after repeated laundering.

Blended Fabrics

Fabrics made from blends of different fibers can exhibit varying shrinkage rates depending on the composition. The shrinkage behavior of a blended fabric is influenced by the individual fibers it contains.

Factors Affecting Shrinkage

Several factors influence fabric shrinkage:

Fiber Type

Different fiber types exhibit varying levels of shrinkage. Natural fibers like cotton and wool tend to shrink more than synthetic fibers such as polyester.

Fabric Construction

The way a fabric is woven or knitted affects its shrinkage behavior. Tighter weaves generally experience less shrinkage compared to loose or open weaves.

Finishing Processes

Chemical treatments and finishes applied to fabrics during manufacturing can impact their shrinkage characteristics. Pre-shrinking treatments may reduce further shrinkage after the fabric is washed.

Fabric Shrinkage Test

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Fabric shrinkage tests are conducted to measure and assess the dimensional changes that occur in fabrics after washing, drying, or exposure to heat. These tests help understand the potential shrinkage of fabrics and make informed decisions in fabric selection, sizing, and care.

There are specific testing standards and methods that are commonly followed in fabric shrinkage testing:

Testing Standards

Fabric shrinkage tests are typically performed according to recognized industry standards. Some commonly used standards for fabric shrinkage testing include:

• ASTM D: Standard Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric

• ASTM D: Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics

• ISO : Textiles &#; Domestic washing and drying procedures for textile testing

• AATCC TM135: Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Laundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics

Testing Methods

In fabric shrinkage testing, two common testing methods are the impregnation method and the mechanical treatment method. These methods are used to assess the dimensional changes and shrinkage of fabrics. Let&#;s explore each method in detail:

Impregnation Method

The impregnation method involves immersing fabric samples in a liquid solution before subjecting them to testing conditions. The impregnation solution typically consists of water and any additional chemicals or detergents as specified by the testing standard or procedure.

Mechanical Treatment Method

The mechanical treatment method involves subjecting fabric samples to mechanical stress or agitation to assess their shrinkage behavior. This method aims to replicate the effects of mechanical actions during washing or drying.

The mechanical treatment method allows for the assessment of fabric shrinkage resulting from mechanical forces, providing insights into the fabric&#;s response to agitation and friction.

How Are These Methods Performed?

Impregnation Method

Here&#;s how the impregnation method is typically performed:

Sample Preparation: Fabric samples of standardized dimensions are cut from the test specimen. The samples are usually large enough to allow for the measurement of dimensional changes accurately.

Impregnation: The fabric samples are immersed in the impregnation solution, ensuring that all parts of the samples are thoroughly soaked. The impregnation solution may simulate a specific washing or laundering condition, such as a temperature-controlled water bath.

Resting Period: After impregnation, the fabric samples are allowed to rest for a specified period, usually to mimic the absorption and penetration of water during a typical washing cycle.

Mechanical Treatment: Following the resting period, the fabric samples may undergo additional mechanical treatment, such as agitation or squeezing, to simulate the effects of washing or rinsing.

Dimensional Measurement: The fabric samples are carefully removed from the impregnation solution and dried according to the testing standard or procedure. Once dry, the dimensional changes in the fabric samples are measured using calibrated instruments, and the shrinkage percentage is calculated based on the initial and final dimensions.

Mechanical Treatment Method

Here&#;s a typical procedure for the mechanical treatment method:

Sample Preparation: Fabric samples are prepared with standardized dimensions and marked for reference.

Mechanical Treatment: The fabric samples are placed in a mechanical device that can mimic the desired mechanical actions, such as a tumbling device or a mechanical agitator. The samples are subjected to repeated movements, rotations, and friction, simulating the forces experienced during washing or drying.

Dimensional Measurement: After the mechanical treatment, the fabric samples are carefully removed from the device, and their dimensional changes are measured using calibrated instruments. The initial and final dimensions are compared to calculate the shrinkage percentage.

Test apparatus

TESTEX Automatic Shrinkage Washer

Also known as the Shrinkage Washing Machine TF176, is a fully automatic shrinkage tester used for evaluating the dimensional stability of fabrics, clothing, and other textiles after washing. It adheres to standards such as GB/T , ISO , GB/T , and ISO . The machine has a rated loading capacity of 5+/-0.05kg and features touchscreen control.

It finds applications in textile enterprises, quality supervision agencies, commercial inspection agencies, and scientific research institutions for performing shrinkage and relaxation tests on various textiles like cotton, animal fur, silk, linen, and chemical fibers.

Features

The Automatic Shrinkage Washer comes with a range of notable features:

Flexible Programs: This machine has 16 sets of standard washing programs and 8 user-editable wash programs, providing a wide range of options for different testing requirements.

Professional Customization and Durability: The whole system of this machine is carefully customized, and developed by qualified engineers, and washing machine designers. This ensures a 100% durable design, and highly qualified material that can easily survive the toughest conditions.

Water Level and Spin Factor: It has high-quality sensors or rods that make sure that the water level and the speed of spinning do not cross their limits. It has the best conversion motors, to control everything.

No Vibration: This machine is connected to a box and a damper with the best quality. This is to make sure that the machine does not shake or vibrate during the power-up. You will not need anything to hold the machine firmly.

Corrosion-Resistant and High-Grade Construction: The inner cylinder and outer cylinder of the machine is made of stainless steel. This is to make sure that it stays neat and clean.

How To Use It?

Preparation: Start by gathering the fabric samples or garments you want to test for shrinkage. Ensure they are clean and free from any other substances.

Set up the machine: Connect the TESTEX Automatic Shrinkage Washer to a power source and ensure it is properly grounded. Fill the machine with the appropriate amount of water as per the manufacturer&#;s instructions. Add any necessary detergents or chemicals according to the testing requirements.

Load the samples: Open the door or lid of the machine and carefully load the fabric samples or garments into the drum. Make sure not to overload the machine, as it can affect the accuracy of the results. Close the door or lid securely.

Select the program: The TESTEX Automatic Shrinkage Washer typically comes with different preset programs or cycles for various testing purposes. Choose the appropriate program that matches your testing requirements. Refer to the machine&#;s user manual for specific details on program selection.

Adjust settings: Depending on the specific model, you may have additional settings to customize the testing parameters, such as water temperature, wash time, and agitation speed. Set these parameters accordingly, following the instructions provided by the manufacturer or as specified in the testing standards.

Start the cycle: Once you have selected the program and adjusted the settings, start the washing cycle by pressing the appropriate button or activating the start function. The machine will begin to fill with water and initiate the washing process.

Monitor the process: During the cycle, you can observe the machine&#;s operation to ensure everything is functioning correctly. Pay attention to any specific instructions or requirements for the test you are conducting.

Completion and results: Once the washing cycle is complete, the machine may automatically drain the water or require manual intervention. Open the door or lid and carefully remove the fabric samples or garments. Let them dry.

Method of Calculating Shrinkage

Calculating fabric shrinkage involves measuring the dimensional changes of the fabric before and after the testing process, using a Scale. The shrinkage percentage is determined by comparing the initial dimensions of the fabric to its final dimensions. Here is the method for calculating shrinkage:

Initial Measurement: Measure the dimensions of the fabric sample before subjecting it to any testing or treatment using a Shrinkage Template Scale. This includes measuring the length, width, and any other relevant dimensions. Record these initial measurements.

Testing Process: Carry out the specific testing process according to the chosen method. Ensure that the fabric sample is subjected to the required conditions, such as immersion in an impregnation solution or mechanical agitation. Follow the testing procedure accurately.

Final Measurement: Once the testing process is complete, carefully remove the fabric sample from the testing apparatus. Allow it to dry or undergo any required post-treatment, according to the testing standard or procedure. Once dry, measure the dimensions of the fabric sample again, using the Shrinkage Template Scale.

Calculation: With the initial and final measurements in hand, calculate the fabric shrinkage percentage using the following formula:

Shrinkage Percentage = [(Initial Dimension &#; Final Dimension) / Initial Dimension] x 100

For example, if the initial length of the fabric sample was 100 cm and the final length after testing was 90 cm, the calculation would be:

Shrinkage Percentage = [(100 &#; 90) / 100] x 100 = 10%

The resulting value represents the percentage of shrinkage that occurred in the fabric sample during the testing process.

If you want an instrument that automatically calculates the shrinkage rate of fabrics, our newest Smartshrink Rate Tester will be a good choice for you.

Shrinkage Template Scale 

The Shrinkage Template Scale TF178 is a measuring tool designed to measure the shrinkage rate of any fabric. It provides precise measurements that help in assessing the dimensional changes that occur during the drying. The scale is widely recognized in industries where shrinkage analysis plays a vital role, such as manufacturing, construction, and research.

Features

Enhanced Accuracy: The Shrinkage Template ruler offers exceptional accuracy, ensuring precise measurements of shrinkage. This accuracy allows businesses to make informed decisions based on reliable data, leading to improved product quality and customer satisfaction.

Improved Efficiency: By providing quick and accurate measurements, the scale streamlines the shrinkage analysis process. This improved efficiency saves valuable time and resources, allowing businesses to optimize their production cycles and meet project deadlines more effectively.

Consistency in Results: Consistency is crucial in industries that rely on shrinkage analysis. The scale provides consistent and repeatable results, minimizing variations and ensuring reliable data for comparison and analysis.

How to Use the Shrinkage Template Scale

Using the scale is straightforward and requires following a few simple steps:

• Prepare the shrinkage template by creating a mold or using a pre-existing one.

• Ensure the template has clearly defined initial dimensions.

• Place the template on a flat surface.

• Carefully position the scale next to the template.

• Use the scale measurement features to assess the dimensions before and after shrinkage.

• Record the measurements and calculate the shrinkage rate using the formula provided in the scale&#;s manual.

Tips and Best Practices

To achieve optimal results when using the scale, consider the following tips:

• Clean the scale regularly to prevent debris from affecting measurements.

• Follow the manufacturer&#;s instructions for calibration and maintenance.

• Take multiple measurements for increased accuracy.

• Store the scale in a dry and secure place when not in use.

• Consider wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working with certain materials.

Fabric Shrinkage Prevention Tips

Read and Follow Care Labels

Always read and follow the care labels attached to your fabrics and garments. Care labels provide specific instructions on how to handle and clean the fabric to minimize shrinkage. Pay attention to recommended washing temperatures, drying methods, and any special instructions.

Wash in Cold Water

To prevent fabric shrinkage, opt for washing your fabrics in cold water rather than hot or warm water. Cold water is less likely to cause fibers to contract and shrink. It helps to preserve the fabric&#;s integrity and keeps it from undergoing excessive changes in size.

Avoid High Heat

High heat, whether in the washing machine or dryer, can accelerate fabric shrinkage. Whenever possible, avoid using high heat settings. Instead, opt for low to medium heat settings to reduce the risk of shrinkage. High heat can cause the fibers to contract and alter the fabric&#;s dimensions.

Use Gentle Cycle and Mild Detergent

When machine-washing fabrics are prone to shrinkage, select the gentle cycle option on your washing machine. The gentle cycle reduces the agitation and friction that can lead to shrinkage. Additionally, choose a mild detergent specifically formulated for delicate fabrics to prevent harsh chemical reactions that may contribute to shrinkage.

Air Dry or Use Low Heat

After washing, consider air-drying your fabrics instead of using a dryer. Hang them on a clothesline or lay them flat on a clean, dry surface. If using a dryer, opt for the lowest heat setting or a delicate cycle. High heat can cause rapid shrinkage, so it&#;s best to minimize exposure to heat.

Conclusion

Fabric shrinkage can significantly affect the fit and quality of garments. Conducting fabric shrinkage tests is crucial for manufacturers, designers, and consumers to understand the potential changes in size after washing or heat exposure.

By following the outlined testing process and considering the various factors that influence shrinkage, you can make informed decisions regarding fabric selection, sizing, and garment care.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can fabric shrinkage be reversed?

No, fabric shrinkage is usually permanent and irreversible. Once the fabric has shrunk, it is challenging to regain its original size.

Are all fabrics prone to shrinkage?

Not all fabrics shrink to the same extent. Natural fibers like cotton and wool tend to shrink more than synthetic fibers.

Can fabric shrinkage be prevented?

While fabric shrinkage cannot be entirely prevented, following proper care instructions and pre-shrinking techniques can minimize potential shrinkage.

How much shrinkage is considered acceptable?

Acceptable shrinkage levels vary depending on the fabric type and its intended use. Industry guidelines or project requirements usually provide acceptable shrinkage standards.

Can fabric shrinkage occur in both lengthwise and widthwise directions?

Yes, fabric shrinkage can occur in both lengthwise (warp) and widthwise (weft) directions, although the amount of shrinkage may differ.

Contact us to discuss your requirements of Shrinkage Testing Machine. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.