Steel Structure Workshop Building

The Steel Structure Workshop building is increasingly used in modern industrial production. Some of the products produced by the manufacturers go directly to the market, but most of the products have stocks, which require a particular inventory in the warehouse. The fundamental difference between the factory and warehouse buildings is not much, just one for production or storage. Nowadays, the use of the steel structure workshop is also more and more extensive, so how to build a qualified steel structure workshop, we are ready to start with the various processes of Steel Structure Workshop Construction.

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The processes of Steel Structure Workshop Building:

1. Design: design is the source of all working procedures; thoughtful design can make construction twice as fast, and only with the design scheme construction personnel can have a direction.

2. Production: Production follows the design of the processing of steel components.

The Production Process

1)Cutting
Steel plate cutting is used to process steel components formally. The quality of the cut has a direct impact on the following process. If the cutting is not careful, it may cause the material to become a pile of scrap iron. Quality control is significant.

2) Welding
Steel plate cutting is used to process steel components formally. The quality of the cut has a direct impact on the following process. If the cutting is not careful, it may cause the material to become a pile of scrap iron. Quality control is significant. The procedure belongs to concealed engineering and is one of the most comfortable quality problems, so it is necessary to ensure enough welding strength to ensure the component&#;s durability.

3) Painting
The painting is also a hidden process, which significantly impacts the service life of the steel structure building. The excellent coating can do the steel structure workshop for a long time will not rust, not easy to destroy, and increase the service life of Steel Structure Buildings.

3. Installation: This working procedure plays an essential role in the engineering quality, and its quality is greatly influenced by the above working process and the whole steel structure workshop.

The Installation Process

1) Hoisting of the main structure

Joint the roof steel beam on the ground, install steel column, hoisting Steel Beam, connecting secondary structure, correcting significant structure deviation, installing crane beam (optional), raising interlayer (optional), fireproof coating.
Main Control Quality: the main structure deviation should meet the specifications and design requirements, and high-strength bolts should meet the needs of the steel structure workshop.

2) The installation of the secondary structure

Roof purlin, wall girt, fly bracing, wall and roof cross bracing, and so on.

3) The installation of the roof panel and insulation

First, lay the insulation layer, then install the roof panel (some projects in the insulation layer put the steel wire Mesh to prevent the insulation layer fall off, this mainly depends on the insulation layer level)
The leading control quality: the roof is primarily waterproof, so to see the board and board lap joint, nail case, the glue coating is complete, the glue place should be wiped clean, and the plate surface coating should not destroy to prevent rust, etc.

4) The installation of the wall panel

It is the insulation and wall panel installation of the steel structure workshop.
Main Control Quality: There is also the problem of installation deviation, such as the bottom to flat, the whole plane to flat, plate, and plate between the flatness deviation to meet the requirements.

5) The installation of trim and flashing

Install trim and flashing, such as the corner trim between the roof and wall, corner trim of the wall, the flashing between the brick wall and wall panel, doors, and windows trim.

Why build the steel structure workshop?

It is necessary to choose the appropriate construction method to improve the quality and service life of the steel structure workshop. Especially for the load-bearing members of some steel structure workshop buildings, it is necessary not only to strengthen the quality control in the field construction process but also to adopt a scientific and practical design scheme, to ensure the structural stability and safety of the Steel Structure Workshop.

The advantage:

The construction time of the steel structure workshop is short; all steel components are processed and prefabricated in the factory and installed on the site, which saves time and labor costs.

Using a steel structure to build the workshop building is very reasonable to save costs. The manufacturer of the Steel Structure Workshop components can realize the industrialized production with high precision and only need to transport to the construction site for installation; the construction steps that need to process to the construction site are simplified. The constructors of the steel structure workshop should carefully examine the drawing requirements before installation, arrange the constructors reasonably, and provide a quality guarantee for the installation of the steel structure workshop.

The disadvantage

But some problems with steel structure workshop also need attention; steel structure workshops long-term exposure to the air, natural corrosion, and weak fire resistance are worthy of consideration. In the chemical plant, the molecular activity of metallic materials is much more active than that of concrete materials, and it is easy to react with elements in the air to cause corrosion of steel structures. There are also precedents in fire resistance, and many building fires are caused by melting steel at high temperatures. Steel structures are not fire-resistant. As the increase of heat, the yield point and strength of the steel structure will decrease. Thus the performance of steel structure workshops will also decrease and will collapse, so it is necessary to improve the anti-corrosion and fire resistance of the Steel Structure Workshop.

Single-story Steel Structure Workshop Building:

Single-storey Steel Structure Workshop building is an industrial factory building with a single-story steel structure as the main body. Single-story steel structure workshops are often used for large machinery and equipment or massive lifting transport equipment factories, such as metal and plastic, mechanical equipment, printing paper products, molds, and other industries. The Exterior Wall and the roofing part generally use the corrugated single-color sheet.

The characteristics and application of steel workshop building:

1. The characteristics
Large span and space and various load forms often bear the dynamic load and moving load (such as crane load, power equipment load, etc.). The column is to carry roof load, wall load, crane load, and the seismic capacity of the main components; The requirement of geological exploration is higher. The single-story Steel Structure Workshop often uses fitting structure standardization.

1) length: unlimited

2) Span: 12 ~ 50 meters clear span

3) Height: The drip water level of the single-story steel structure workshop is significant; some workshop height is 4-5 meters, some 6-7 meters, and some can be as high as 11-12 meters or higher. Generally, the higher the steel structure workshop will be more challenging to build, the cost of materials required will be more expensive.

4) Internal structure: There is a bracket workshop to load the crane, this is an essential part of industrial production; many work machinery and equipment and heavy production materials need a crane, so it must install the bracket and crane.

5) External structure: single layer color steel sheet and sandwich panel.

2. Application:
The single-story Steel Structure Workshop is the primary type of workshop and warehouse in Metallurgy, machinery, and other industries. Many workshops choose a single-story steel structure workshop mainly because of its large span and the height that can adjust to the need.

Design points of single-story steel structure workshop

Production lines are generally arranged in a horizontal direction in a single-story steel structure workshop. This kind of factory building has a simple structure and can use large spans and extensive lengths; it is convenient to use heavy lifting and transportation equipment, and heavy equipment can be installed on the ground; skylights can be used for lighting and ventilation. The single-story factory building has strong adaptability and can produce heavy-duty and light-duty products; it can be built into large-span and large-area or small-span and small-area.

Single-story steel structure workshops can be single-span or multi-span, and each span can be arranged parallel or vertical. Most workshops are rectangular, and some thermal processing workshops use a &#; shape.

The column spacing of the single-story steel structure workshop is usually 6 meters or 9, 12, 18 meters, etc., and the span is also 20 meters as the fundamental parameter to facilitate the finalization of the components. The height of each span of the multi-span factory building is different and should be adjusted appropriately to simplify the elements and structural processing and change the lighting and ventilation effects.

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Structural layout principles of single-story steel structure workshop:

1. Lateral anti-lateral force system
Frames, portal frames, cantilever columns, or steel structures are steel-jointed or hinged with roof beams and column tops. The long factory building&#;s ordinal lateral force resistance system adopts the inter-column support, and the rigid frame structure can also be adopted when the conditions are limited.

2.Carrying capacity
When the roof beam and the top of the column are hinged, bolts are used. When the beam is a solid web beam, to ensure that the node connection has sufficient bearing capacity, it is provided that the node and connection will not be damaged when the entire section of the member yields.

3.Stability
During the construction and use phases, the stability of the structural components is guaranteed.

Multi-story Steel Structure Workshop

A multi-story Steel Structure workshop building is another form of an industrial building with excellent development prospects. Generally, it refers to the industrial factory building, workshop, warehouse, etc. Below ten stories and less than 20 meters in height, most of the modern multi-story steel structure workshop was constructed with the Portal Steel Frame Structure System.

Multi-story steel structure workshops are generally composed of columns, beams, floor structures, support structures, wall panels, or frames. The multi-story steel structure adopts a plane rigid floor to ensure the space&#;s overall rigidity and the area&#;s coordination. The transverse edge is a column-support system and uses a plane rigid floor. Multi-story steel structure workshops are also widely used in the design of workshops. It can take full advantage of the stiffness of beams and columns used in any situation in a standard factory building, but when the columns are rigidly connected to the beams, the bearing capacity of these columns becomes greater by bending the frame to resist horizontal and vertical loads.

When designing the layout, take note of the following technical points:

1. The multi-story Steel Structure Workshop Building generally adopts the frame structure system, also called a multi-story steel frame structure, composed of the column, beam, floor structure, bracing structure, wall panel, or wall frame.

2. The rigid plane floor should be adopted to ensure space integral rigidity and coordinate work. When the transverse frame is the column-bracing system, the space between columns is not more than 40m.

3. Reasonable arrangement of column distance and beam system, uniform LongitudinalLongitudinal and transverse stiffness, special force transmission, uniform type of members, simple joint structure, and easy construction.

4. The steel column and its bracing can change the cross-section along the vertical direction, but the sudden change of inter-story stiffness should prevent.

Features of multi-story steel structure workshop:

1. The multi-story steel workshop has higher space utilization, strong bearing capacity, stable structure, and a beautiful appearance.
2. The steel structure components are processed in the factory and have high reliability.
3. The raw materials of the multi-story steel structure workshop have good shock and impact resistance.
4. The steel structure workshop has lightweight and has a small footprint, all of which increase the actual usable area.
5. The steel structure can be assembled quickly and accurately, shortening the construction period.

Advantages of multi-story steel structure workshop

The production of the multi-story steel structure workshop is carried out on different elevation floors, with a horizontal connection between each floor and a vertical connection. Therefore, in the design of the factory building, it is not only necessary to consider the reasonable connection between the sections on the same floor and to solve the vertical connection between floors and arrange the traffic in the vertical direction.

1. Beautiful and practical: The lines of the multi-story steel structure building are simple and smooth, with a modern sense. Colored wall panels are available in various colors, while other materials can be used for the walls, allowing for greater flexibility.
2. Simple construction and short construction period: All the components needed to build a multi-story steel structure building are prefabricated in the factory and only need to be simply assembled on the construction site, thus significantly shortening the construction period, a building of square meters, The basic installation can be completed in just 40 days.
3. Reasonable cost: The multi-story steel structure building is light in weight so that the essential cost can be reduced, the construction speed is fast, and it can be completed and put into production as soon as possible, and the comprehensive economic benefit is much better than that of concrete structure buildings.
4. Durable and easy to maintain: multi-story steel structure buildings can resist harsh weather and only need simple maintenance.
5. Save land: The multi-story steel structure workshop has the characteristics of a small footprint and land saving. For example, a single-story factory building with a construction area of &#;&#;10,000 m2 needs an area of &#;&#;10,000 m2. If it is changed to a five-story multi-story factory building, its floor area is only 20,002 m2, which is more economical than a single-story factory building. Four-fifths of the land.
6. Save investment: reduce the cost of civil construction. Since the multi-story workshop occupies less land, the amount of earthwork for the foundation is reduced, the roof area is reduced, and the cost of roof gutter, rainwater pipe, and outdoor drainage works is also reduced accordingly.
7. Shorten the road and pipe network in the factory area: the multi-story factory building occupies less space, and the factory area is also reduced accordingly. The length of various process pipelines such as railways, highway transportation lines, and water and electricity in the factory area can be shortened, saving part of the investment.

Structural combination type of multi-story Steel Structure Workshop:

(1) Steel frame system:
Rigid-jointed frame in both vertical and horizontal directions is suitable for buildings with large column spacing but no bracing.

(2) column-bracing system:
Beam-to-column are hinged joints, and column-to-column bracing (lateral resistance members) is provided along with column height in both Longitudinal and transverse directions, saving the quantity of steel.

(3) frame-bracing system
Longitudinal column-bracing system; lateral steel frame system, on the one hand, to meet the functional requirements of the building, on the other hand, to simplify the design and construction, and reduce the amount of steel.

(4) frame-bracing composite system.
The floor forms of the multi-story Steel Structure workshop are galvanized metal bearing plate, steel frame beam and precast cement plate, steel frame beam and pattern steel plate, steel frame beam, and wood plate.

With the increase in my country's steel production, steel structure workshops have been widely developed due to the advantages of high steel structure strength, good plastic toughness, lightweight and fast construction speed. This article discusses the issues that should be paid attention to in the design and construction of steel structure workshops and provides a reference for more and better construction of steel structure workshops.

Because of its high strength, lightweight and fast construction speed, steel structure has always been a favorite structure. In the past hundred years, it has developed rapidly, especially in the second half of the last century. As the world's steel production has increased significantly, the steel structure has also expanded its application field, especially in large spans, high towers, super high-rises, heavy-duty, power A large number of steel structures are used within the load structure. With the rapid development of the national economy, light steel structure construction has also developed rapidly in the field of construction in China. Steel structure construction is the new development and application of the most revolutionary architecture after reinforced concrete construction. The characteristics of light steel structure buildings are outstanding: good overall rigidity and seismic performance, fast construction speed, small space occupied by the structure, and high bearing capacity. In industrial plants, steel structures have gradually replaced more reinforced concrete structures, with their large spans The performance of the large space is quite outstanding on the scale of the building.

Several aspects needing attention in the design of steel structure workshop

1. The setting of temperature expansion joint

The temperature change will cause the deformation of the steel structure factory building, causing the structure to produce temperature stress, its size is related to the column stiffness, crane rail top elevation, and temperature difference. When the scale of the plant is very large, in order to avoid excessive temperature stress, temperature slits should be set in the horizontal or vertical direction of the plant to divide the plant with large plane size into several temperature sections (also called structural units). The length of the temperature section can be implemented according to the design specifications of the steel structure. The temperature expansion joint is generally treated by setting a double-column method or a single-column method.For longitudinal temperature expansion joints, rolling supports can be installed at the roof truss support, and transverse temperature expansion joints can be used at the connection between the frame beam and purlin Sliding method of the elliptical hole or sliding method of channel steel plywood.

2. Insulation and fire protection design

Steel is quite sensitive to temperature, but the increase and decrease in temperature will change the properties of steel. Steel has very good thermal conductivity, and its thermal conductivity reaches 50W / (m&#; &#; ). For steel structure buildings, if thermal insulation is not carried out, it will inevitably cause a lot of energy waste and consumption, while also meeting technological requirements and Comfort requirements. In contrast, low-temperature performance is more important. The figure below shows the relationship between the mechanical properties of steel and temperature.

Therefore, when the surface temperature of the steel structure is above 150 &#;, heat insulation and fire protection design must be done. There are generally two methods:

The ratio of high-temperature yield strength to room temperature yield strength

The ratio of high-temperature elastic modulus to room temperature elastic modulus

(1) Refractory bricks, concrete, or hard fireproof plates are encased in steel components.

(2) Thick coating fireproof coating is adopted, and the thickness is in accordance with "Technical Application of Steel Structure Fireproof Coating".

3. Roof support system and roof design

The layout of the roof support system should be determined according to the conditions of the plant span, height, column grid layout, roof structure, crane settings and tonnage size, vibration equipment conditions, and other conditions. In general, the roof structure of purlin or no purlin system should be provided with vertical support.In the no purlin system, the large roof panel has three points and roof truss welding, which can play the role of upper chord support. Installation needs, no matter purlin or no purlin system roof should be set on the roof string and skylight frame string chord to provide a string of lateral support. Longitudinal horizontal support shall be provided for the factory buildings with a roof frame spacing of not less than 12 m or those with heavy bridge cranes or large vibration equipment in the factory buildings. The focal point of roof design is waterproofing. Roof waterproof design involves factors such as roof slope, gutter form, single-slope roof length, and so on.

According to the "Technical Specifications for Roofing Engineering", the minimum roof slope is 5%. However, in actual projects, the roof slope of some foreign-funded steel companies often reaches 3% or even 2%. Considering that the current domestic steel structure manufacturers have uneven technical strength, node processing, and material performance, people control the roof slope to 5%. In areas with large snow cover, the slope should be increased appropriately. The length of a single-slope roof mainly depends on the maximum temperature difference in the area where the project is located and the height of the maximum head formed by rainfall. According to the collected data and engineering design experience, the length of the single-slope roof should be controlled within 70 m. If it exceeds 70 m, special research and special treatment are required.

After investigation and research, there are two common steel structure roofing practices on the market at present: 1) Double-layer color profiled steel plate with thermal insulation cotton inside, a large amount of use, but the color steel plate thermal expansion and contraction caused by large temperature difference and single slope length The problem is difficult to solve. 2) The composite flexible steel roofing system is composed of a roof color steel plate inner panel, a vapor barrier, an insulation layer, and a coiled material waterproof layer. Because the outermost layer is laid with flexible coiled material, the entire roof is a closed system, and the problems of thermal expansion and contraction are not prominent, and the cost is slightly higher than that of domestic general steel structure manufacturers.

4. The main components of the steel structure workshop

4.1 Steel roof system: First, the steel roof load-bearing member is composed of thin and thin rods, the cross-sectional shape is complex, and the node stress concentration is eccentric; secondly, when the roof system is designed, the calculated load and calculation sketch is more correct. And close to the calculation limit state, the structural member's load-bearing safety reserve is minimum, it is very sensitive to overload, temperature, and corrosion, and it is easy to fail due to accidental factors, plus various effects that occur during manufacturing, installation and use, steel structure The roof has become the most serious part of the steel structure factory damage. The failure of the steel roof includes roof collapse, truss member breakage (including disconnection from the joint plate), roof deflection exceeding the standard, bending of the member, bending or cracking of the joint plate, roof support buckling, and other types.

4.2 Crane beam system: The crane beam system is an important part of the steel structure workshop, including the crane beam, brake structure, crane track, and connection. The crane beam is complicated, and the vertical force and lateral force of the crane have dynamic characteristics, impact, and fatigue effects. Compared with the roof system crane beam calculation diagram, the calculation method is more different from the actual situation, the uncertainty is more, the structure is more The durability and reliability are the lowest.

4.3 Column system: the column designed according to the most unfavorable load combination, because the probability of simultaneous load is very low, under normal working conditions, the actual stress is much lower than the design stress, the safety reserve of the column is quite large, and the possibility of damage is very small There are very few cases of damage caused by insufficient overall bearing capacity of the column. The columns of industrial plants are often damaged as follows (column limb deformation, column limbs have incisions, lattice pillars are bent and twisted, the welds at the column head and crane beam support corbels are cracked, the pillars are tilted vertically, and the enclosing structure connects the nodes Damage, the crane track is off-set), which will affect production.

4.4 Foundation foundation: The strength problems of foundation mainly include: the insufficient bearing capacity of foundation or foundation lose stability, slope lose stability. The problem of foundation deformation mainly refers to excessive deformation and uneven settlement of soft soil, collapsible loess, expansive soil, seasonally frozen soil, and other regions. There are three types of foundation damage: overall shear failure, punching shear failure, and local shear failure.

5. Common construction problems and solutions of steel structure workshop

5.1 Construction problems that should be paid attention to during the construction of steel structure workshops

It is tied to the quality of the entire steel structure project. The operating temperature of the coating should be between 5 and 38&#;. When the weather temperature is lower than 5&#;, the corresponding low-temperature coating material should be selected for the application. When the temperature is higher than 40 &#;, the coating operation should be stopped. When the temperature of the component exceeds 40°C, the application of paint on the surface of the steel structure will generate air bubbles and reduce the adhesion of the paint film. When the air humidity is greater than 85%, or there is condensation on the surface of the component, the steel structure coating operation should not be carried out. Before the steel components are produced, the hidden parts of the components and the parts where the structural interlayer is difficult to remove rust should be removed in advance and painted in advance.

5.2 There are some problems that cannot be ignored in the steel structure system.

In the current research on the stability of reticulated shells, the main problem is how to reflect the coupling effect of axial force and bending moment. The relationship between global stability and local stability in long-span structural design is also a question worthy of discussion. At present, a unified stability safety factor is adopted in large-span structural design, which does not reflect the correlation between global stability and local stability. There are many random factors in the study of the stability of the steel structure system. At present, most of the problems dealt with by the random impact analysis of the structure are limited to such a pattern range as the determined structural parameters and random load input. In actual engineering, due to the structural parameters Uncertainty will cause significant differences in structural response. Therefore, we should focus on the study of structural extreme value instability, interference buckling, and jump-type instability considering random parameters. We have conducted useful research on the stability of dome reticulated shells considering random parameters.

from:http://en.qdyili.com/tips-for-attention-in-the-design-and-construction-of-steel-structure-workshops/