Types of Machines Used in Textile Industries

Textiles are a type of cloth or woven fabric; its creation involves several processes than one might think. The production of fibers are spun into yarns, and are then used to create fabrics into many other sub-processes. Textile production is no simple task. Even once fabrics are created they must be pre-treated, dyed or printed, then finished with a treatment.

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Types of Textiles

Textiles vary from felts to knits, and even cloths so tightly woven that they appear to be of a single piece. As you can imagine, there are machines tasked with many parts of these processes in order to make the production of textiles as smooth as possible. Cotton is one of the most commonly used fabrics, so many machines are based around the fabrication of cotton.

Machines Involving Fiber/Thread/Yarn Production

Every article of clothing has a different instruction label for machine washing and drying. These materials vary from cotton, wool, flax, ramie, silk, leather or even synthetic materials. All of these materials need to be handled and cared for specially to retain their shape after multiple washes.

• Woolen Mill Machines - used to develop wool into yarn
• Thread Winding Machines - used to wind thread onto spools
• Bleaching/Dyeing Machines - used to bleach or dye thread, fibers, or fabric
• Scutching Machines - used to separate cotton seeds from the cotton
• Carding Machines - used to prepare the wool for being made into yarn
• Spinning Machines - used to spin yarn
• Yarn Gassing Machines - used as a Bunsen burner to heat the yarn, getting rid of excess fuzz and deepening the color
  

Machines Involving Textile Production

After the thread, yarn or fibers are turned into a more usable material, they are then woven, knitted, tufted or made into a cloth or textile. That is not all: The textiles are sewn, quilted or they can be layered for different types of insulation or for other purposes. The product can also be dyed or treated at different points in the process. The textile is then measured and cut, if necessary, so that it can be shipped to sellers.

• Knitting Machines - used to knit yarn
• Crochet Machines - used to crochet yarn
• Lace Making Machines - used to weave thread into lace
• Weaving Machines - used to weave thread, such as a loom
• Tufting Machines - used to make textiles where fur is inserted into a base, like carpets or mittens
• Quilting Machines - used to quilt textiles
• Cloth Measuring Machines - used to measure cloth
• Cloth Cutting Machines - used to cut cloth
• Industrial Sewing Machines - large sewing machines
• Monogramming Machines - used to create monogrammed fabric, such as towels with initials on them

A textile mill is a factory or facility that produces textiles from yarn or fabric into usable textiles. Some of these various textiles include apparel, furniture, agriculture, auto, marine, and other industries. Textile mills usually use a multi, or single, step manufacturing process to produce a product. In this blog, I'd like to define the various processes that these textile mills use to produce a usable textile. 

Weaving and Knitting

Weaving and Knitting are two processes that take yarns and arrange them into a usable textile cloth. Weaving is a process that takes vertical yarn, called a warp, and combines them with Horizontal yarn, called a weft or filling, to construct a woven textile. These textiles can be used for a wide variety of applications from clothing to industrial uses. Woven textiles are usually better for applications that need to last a long time. They have less stretching than knitted fabrics. 

Knitting is a little bit different than weaving. Knitting only requires one yarn that consists of stitches, also called loops, that consecutively run together. These loops make the fabric able to stretch more and are why you see more knitted textiles in clothing than woven textiles. Your favorite sweater is most likely knitted but this does have some drawbacks. This is where the saying, &#;Pull the thread, the whole thing will unravel&#; comes from. Since a knitted fabric only consists of a single string that loops in and out of itself, if you pull it, the textile will unravel. 

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Yarn Textile Mill

Another type of textile mill is a yarn mill. These mills take synthetic or natural materials and turn them into usable yarns for weaving, knitting, and industrial textile mills. One of the best examples of these mills is a cotton yarn mill. These facilities take staple cotton and spin them into yarns that are then either sent to a weaving or knitting mill, or sent to a dying textile mill. Another type of yarn mill is a synthetic yarn mill. They take synthetic fibers and combine them with other synthetic fibers, to simulate the look and feel of natural yarn. 

Dye Mill or Dye House

Dye Houses usually add color to both natural and synthetic fibers or to the finished textile. Natural fibers can basically be dyed at any point of the textile manufacturing process. Most synthetic textiles are colored during the yarn stage instead of at the finished textile stage. This is because synthetic fibers usually have to undergo some sort of heat to fuse the pigment or dye into or on the synthetic yarn. Using heat on a synthetic textile cloth can damage the finished textile. That&#;s why it is imperative to dye the yarns before weaving or knitting the synthetic textile cloth.

Printing Mill

Printing Mills are textile mills that use computers to imprint, dye, and color a finished textile cloth. These designs can be as intricate as the computer and your pigments allow you to get. The downside with printing is the textile isn't dyed all the way through the textile, and because of this, they are often used for lighter applications like pillows, or low-use residential furniture. 

Apparel Manufacturing  

Apparel manufacturing textile mills take the cloth from knitting mills or weaving mills to turn the textile into a finished wearable piece of clothing. These textile mills have specialized sewers who know how to assemble clothes of various shapes and sizes to turn them into the clothing we all wear.

In conclusion, I hope this brief blog gave you the basic concepts of what the different types of textiles mills are. In future blogs, I am going into more detail about each mill and the machines that help produce textiles in today&#;s fabric market. Thanks for reading - David

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