What are the common materials and properties of shaft forgings

Gear shaft manufacturer tips: the material of gear shaft forgings must first meet the requirements of working conditions. The requirements of working conditions are the first factors to be considered when selecting gear forging materials. Alloy steel is often used to make gear forgings that work under high speed, heavy load and impact load. For example, gears used in aircraft should meet the requirements of low quality, high transmission power and high reliability. Therefore, alloy steel with high mechanical properties must be selected. If the gear size is required to be as small as possible, high-strength alloy steel with surface hardening treatment should be adopted. The gear transmission in mining machinery, generally has high power, low working speed, and high dust content in the surrounding environment, so materials such as cast steel or cast iron are often selected. The power of household and office machinery is very small, but it requires smooth transmission, low noise or no noise, and can work normally under less lubrication or no lubrication. Therefore, engineering plastics are often used as gear materials.

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Gear shaft manufacturer tips: the material of gear shaft forgings must first meet the requirements of working conditions. The requirements of working conditions are the first factors to be considered when selecting gear forging materials. Alloy steel is often used to make gear forgings that work under high speed, heavy load and impact load. For example, gears used in aircraft should meet the requirements of low quality, high transmission power and high reliability. Therefore, alloy steel with high mechanical properties must be selected. If the gear size is required to be as small as possible, high-strength alloy steel with surface hardening treatment should be adopted. The gear transmission in mining machinery, generally has high power, low working speed, and high dust content in the surrounding environment, so materials such as cast steel or cast iron are often selected. The power of household and office machinery is very small, but it requires smooth transmission, low noise or no noise, and can work normally under less lubrication or no lubrication. Therefore, engineering plastics are often used as gear materials.

The selection of gear shaft forging material should consider the size of the gear size, blank forming method and heat treatment process. Large-size gears are generally cast blanks, and cast steel or cast iron can be used as gear materials. Medium or medium below the size of the higher requirements of the gear often use forging blank, can choose forged steel production. When the size is small and the requirement is not high, the round steel can be used as the blank.

Forging die heat treatment deformation is mainly caused by cracking, cracking, deformation and other reasons, which may be due to the internal quality of steel cracking, the original structure of coarse, quenching temperature is too high or holding time is too long, tempering brittle zone tempering, tempering temperature is low or tempering time is not long and other reasons.

(I) cracking

1. The internal quality of steel causes cracking: strictly control the internal quality of steel.

2. The original tissue is coarse: the tissue is improved by appropriate pre-heat treatment.

3. The quenching temperature is too high or the holding time is too long: correctly grasp the heating treatment to improve the organization.

4. Tempering in the tempering brittle zone: Try to avoid tempering in the tempering brittle zone.

Low tempering temperature or insufficient tempering time: select the appropriate tempering process.

(II) crack

1. Raw materials have microscopic cracks: strictly control the internal quality of raw materials.

2. Improper heat treatment operation (heating speed is too fast, coolant is improperly selected, cooling time is too long): pay attention to preheating and select the appropriate coolant.

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3. The mold has special shape, uneven thickness, sharp corners and threaded holes, etc.: plug threaded holes, fill sharp corners, bandage dangerous sections and thin walls, and adopt graded quenching.

4. Without intermediate annealing surface quenching again: repair or refurbishment of the mold, must be annealed or high temperature tempering.

5. not timely tempering after quenching: timely tempering.

6. Insufficient tempering: to ensure tempering time, alloy steel should be tempered according to the required number of times.

7. improper grinding operation: choose the correct grinding process.

8. When using EDM, there are high tensile stresses and microcracks in the hardened layer: improve the EDM process; perform stress relief tempering; remove the hardened layer by electrolysis or corrosion or other methods.

(III) deformation

1. Carbide segregation and accumulation in steel: select the appropriate forging process.

2. Large forging die selected hardenability of low steel: the correct selection of appropriate forging steel.

3. Surface decarburization or surface decarburization layer is not removed during machining: pay attention to heating protection and salt bath deoxidation.

4. The quenching temperature is too high and the heating time is insufficient: strictly control the quenching process.

5. Alkaline bath moisture is too little: strictly control the alkaline bath moisture.

6. Insufficient residence time in the coolant: increase residence time.

Tempering temperature is too high: select the appropriate tempering temperature.

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