What is a solar inverter and how does it work?

What is a solar inverter and how does it work?

With the increased interest in renewable energy sources across the globe, the interest in solar systems has also shot up at amazing rates. The ability of the sun to power an entire home is a huge environmental plus (think of all the electricity saved!) and is a great use of a resource that we have many hours of each and every week.

However, do you actually understand the components of solar systems and their functions? Solar systems are composed of several parts including solar panels, a critical inverter manufacturer, and a mounting system to keep everything in place. They might also include a battery and an electric meter depending on your setup. The number and type of panels will vary based on the required energy output. Considering the significance of solar systems, let us delve deeper into what solar inverters are, their operation, and key factors to look for in a good inverter. If you have any questions after this read, feel free to contact Fallon Solutions at 1300 762 260.

What is a solar inverter?

A solar inverter is an indispensable component of a solar power system. It converts the energy output of solar panels into usable electricity for your home or office.

How does a solar inverter work?

Solar inverters convert the direct current (DC) output from solar panels into alternating current (AC) output, which is what your home appliances use. The solar panels, or photovoltaic cells, absorb sunlight and create DC electricity. This DC energy is then either sent to a battery for storage or directly to an inverter. The inverter then transforms this DC into AC, which can be used to power household appliances.

The sun's energy hits the solar panels, made up of semiconductor layers of silicon or gallium arsenide. These layers have positive and negative sides, separated by a junction. When sunlight shines, this energy causes electrons to move between these layers, creating direct current (DC). Afterward, this current is passed through a transformer inside the inverter, which 'tricks' the transformer into producing the needed alternating current (AC).

Types of solar inverters

Now that you understand what a solar inverter is and how it works, let’s explore the types available:

• Battery Inverters: Ideal for retrofitting a battery into your existing solar setup or separating the battery from the solar panels, converting stored battery power into AC.
• Central Inverters: Large and used for commercial installations, capable of handling hundreds of kilowatts or more, generally not for residential use.
• Hybrid Inverters: Known as multi-mode inverters, these can connect batteries to your solar system and manage electrical flow efficiently.
• Microinverters: Small devices attached to individual solar panels that optimize each panel's output independently, especially useful in shaded conditions.
• String Inverters: Common for residential installations, a single inverter is connected to a string of solar panels.

What makes a good solar inverter?

When evaluating solar inverters, consider several factors:

Is the solar inverter CEC approved?

The Clean Energy Regulator lists CEC-approved inverters, ensuring they meet Australian climate standards. It’s also beneficial to check the company’s history and expertise in this field.

What size solar inverter is best?

Choose an inverter that can handle the maximum output of your solar power system. For a 3kW system, you’ll need both 3kW panels and a 3kW inverter.

Make sure your inverter’s rating in kilowatts is equal to or more than the solar panels’ output.

Is the solar inverter weatherproof?

Consider the inverter’s placement. A weatherproof inverter offers more flexibility, but if not, you may need a protective cage, which can add extra cost.

The solar inverter display

Check the inverter’s display for data on power production and system performance. Some inverters offer remote monitoring options through appliances or mobile devices.

Read the ratings carefully – they are often given in terms of “DC input” and “AC output.”

Solar inverter warranty

Solar inverters generally last 10-20 years. Ensure your inverter comes with a warranty of at least 5-12 years, with extension options available.

Can I expand my solar inverter?

If you plan on expanding your system in the future, consult with a solar electrician to understand your requirements.

Are you going to be connected to the grid?

For grid-connected systems, aim for an inverter efficiency of at least 93% for transformer-based or 95% for transformer-less inverters.

How much should I pay?

The cost varies depending on your needs, typically ranging from $800 to $5,000 or more. Avoid the cheapest options as they may not last long.

Your qualified solar system professionals

If you have any queries or need to arrange for a technician to visit your home or workplace in Brisbane, the Gold Coast, the Sunshine Coast, Moreton Bay, Logan, or Ipswich, contact Fallon Solutions at 1300 762 260 or book online today.

Resources:

Australian Government - Clean Energy Regulator (CEC Approved Inverters): http://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/DocumentAssets/Pages/CEC-approved-inverters.aspx

Queensland Government (Buying solar products): https://www.qld.gov.au/law/your-rights/consumer-rights-complaints-and-scams/buying-products-and-services/buying-products/buying-solar-products

Australian Government - Department of the Environment and Energy (Solar PV and batteries): https://www.energy.gov.au/households/solar-pv-and-batteries

Australian Government - Your Home (Batteries and Inverters): http://www.yourhome.gov.au/energy/batteries-and-inverters

Additional reading:
What Are the Benefits of New Energy Charging Pile Design?

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